Ardahan's climate is characterized by cold winters and mild summers. Winter months, December to February, bring extremely low temperatures, often below 0°C, with January being the coldest month averaging around -4°C. Spring arrives in March, with temperatures gradually warming up from an average of -1°C to a still cool 10°C by May. Summer is relatively short and warm, with July being the warmest month at an average high temperature of 23°C. Autumn months, September to November, see temperatures drop again, returning to cold winters.