Krakow's winters are cold and variable, with temperatures often dropping below freezing but occasionally rising above. Spring is a slow warming period, with temperatures gradually increasing throughout the months of March and April. Summer brings warm days, sometimes reaching highs of over 30 degrees Celsius, but nights can still be cool. Autumn is generally mild, with temperatures slowly cooling as the seasons transition back to winter. The temperature fluctuations are relatively consistent from year to year, with averages around or near freezing in January, February, and December.