Modena's climate is characterized by mild winters, with temperatures often fluctuating between freezing and mild conditions. January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 1°C and 5°C respectively, but can drop to as low as -12°C or rise to a relatively warm 21°C. Spring arrives in March, bringing warmer temperatures that gradually increase into April and May, with averages of 6°C and 8°C respectively. Summer is warm to hot, with July and August being the hottest months, averaging around 21°C and 20°C, but can reach highs of up to 38°C. Autumn brings a return to milder temperatures in October and November, before cooling off again in December.