Ferrara's climate is characterized by mild winters, with temperatures often fluctuating between freezing and mild conditions. The coldest months are January and December, with average temperatures around 3°C and 4°C respectively, while February and November see a slight warming trend. Spring arrives in March, bringing temperatures up to an average of 10°C, with April and May continuing the upward trend, reaching highs of 28°C. Summer is warm but not sweltering, with July and August averaging around 26-25°C, though highs can reach up to 38°C. Autumn brings a return to milder conditions, with October's average temperature at 14°C and September's at 21°C.