Kirkuk experiences mild winters, with temperatures ranging from 3°C to 22°C in January and December. Spring arrives in March, bringing warmer temperatures up to 28°C, while summer months of June, July, and August are hot, with highs often reaching 47-48°C. Autumn brings relief from the heat, with temperatures gradually cooling down to around 18-25°C by September and November. Winter returns in December, but temperatures remain relatively mild compared to the scorching summers. Overall, Kirkuk's climate is characterized by warm winters and extremely hot summers.