Ludhiana experiences a subtropical climate with distinct seasonal variations. Winters, from December to February, are cold and dry, with temperatures ranging from 3-29°C, making it the coolest period of the year. Spring, from March to May, brings moderate temperatures, averaging around 26°C, while summers, from June to August, are hot and humid, with average highs often reaching 42°C. Autumn, from September to November, sees a gradual cooling of temperatures, returning to winter-like conditions by December.