Qufu's winters are harsh and cold, with temperatures often plummeting below -20°C in December and January. Spring brings a slow warming trend, with temperatures gradually rising above freezing by March. Summer is warm and humid, with highs occasionally reaching 37°C in June and July. Autumn is mild and pleasant, with comfortable temperatures returning in September and October. The coldest months are typically January and December, while the warmest months are usually May to August.